Landscape lighting is a great opportunity to highlight the home’s architecture, shrubs, plants, pathways, or other areas for an aesthetically pleasing, safe environment. Two types of lighting energy sources are common options with powering landscape lighting, but one is often considered to be a more suitable fit for residential settings. In order to choose the best lighting type for your home, it is best to be informed of each lighting power source and how it is typically used.
Low voltage landscape lighting is powered through a transformer. Perhaps the largest benefit of low voltage landscape lighting is that these lights only use between 12 and 24 volts of power lighting as opposed to 120 volts from line voltage. Because of that lower energy usage, the bulbs and fixtures are cheaper to replace. However, there are some downsides to using low voltage landscape lighting: the bulbs tend to have shorter lifespans, and the number of lights is limited due to the transformer’s power capacity and power distribution.
Even with these drawbacks, low voltage landscape lighting is appealing to many because of its lower energy usage and how these lights reduce the risk of shock. They are most commonly used in both residential and business properties as they illuminate pathways, flowers, fences, trees, driveways, building architecture, and other outdoor landscaping. Four types of popular low voltage landscape lights include spotlights, deck/step lights, pool lights, and other types of landscape lighting.
Line voltage landscaping, also known as standard or high voltage lighting, is an older form of landscape lighting that is not commonly used in residential spaces. Instead, the lights are often used for outdoor security lighting, parking lots, or large spotlights for businesses. This form of power is more expensive to run, as lights often take 120v or up to 277v to run.
The bulbs are also large and pricy, and it can be hard to find replacements since this method of lighting is not as common as other types. Line voltage landscape lighting is not nearly as common with residential spaces. Even so, line voltage is still used because it does not always require transformers to power lighting fixtures. They are often used in large flood lights, spotlights, and security lights in commercial and public-use areas.
| Feature | Low Voltage Lighting | Line Voltage Lighting |
|---|---|---|
| Voltage | 12V or 24V (via transformer) | 120V to 277V (direct from power source) |
| Safety | Safer for residential use; low risk of shock | Higher risk; professional handling often required |
| Energy Efficiency | Very energy-efficient | Consumes more power |
| Installation | Easier; often DIY-friendly with no licensed electrician needed | Requires licensed electrician due to high voltage |
| Initial Cost | Lower for fixtures and bulbs; cost for transformer needed | Higher due to electrician labor and bulky fixtures |
| Maintenance | Easy bulb replacement; bulbs more affordable | Bulbs are expensive and harder to find |
| Transformer Required | Yes | No |
| Ideal Use Case | Residential pathways, gardens, decks, driveways | Commercial zones, security lighting, floodlighting |
| Design Flexibility | More fixture variety; artistic and compact designs | Limited styles; large and functional |
| Light Output Range | Softer light, suitable for ambiance | Bright, powerful output for broad coverage |
Yes, low voltage landscape lighting is generally safe for wet or damp environments when installed correctly. The lower voltage (typically 12V) significantly reduces the risk of electrical shock, making it ideal for gardens, near pools, or around irrigation. Be sure to use weatherproof fixtures and connectors rated for outdoor use to ensure long-term safety.
The number of lights you can run on a single transformer depends on the transformer’s wattage rating and the total wattage of your fixtures. For example, a 300-watt transformer could power up to fifteen 20-watt lights. Always leave a 10–20% buffer below the transformer's capacity to prevent overload and account for voltage drop.
Installing line voltage lighting usually requires a licensed electrician due to the higher voltage (120V or more) and stricter safety codes. DIY installation is not recommended, as improper wiring could pose serious risks including shock, fire hazards, or code violations. Professional installation ensures safety and compliance.
Yes, many low voltage lighting systems are compatible with smart home technology. With the right transformer or smart controller, you can integrate timers, dimming, and voice control through platforms like Alexa, Google Home, or smart apps. Always check compatibility when choosing your transformer or smart hub.
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